Symbolism in Traditional Indian Art: Decoding Hidden Meanings in Paintings
Vibrant colours, intricate details, and rich symbolism are characteristic of Indian art. India has a long history of art, and Indian artists have immortalised their art in various ways, using a variety of media to express their cultural, spiritual, and social messages. The geographical diversity further adds layers to this expression, with regional flavours that are tied closely to communities and their way of life. In this blog, we take a look at some popular traditional Indian art styles and uncover the hidden meaning in their imagery.
Tracing its roots to the Mithila region of Bihar, this style of art from India, is known for its bold lines, delicate details, and eye-catching colour. Popular for their visual expression and rich storytelling, these paintings are important markers for the cultural identity of the people of Mithila. Women played an important role in advancing this art form, and would paint intricate designs on the walls of their houses to mark celebrations and religious festivals.
Peacocks are a common theme in Madhubani art – often drawn surrounded by lush foliage to highlight the beauty of their natural surroundings. In Indian mythology, peacocks represent fertility and fortune.
Lotus flower is an important spiritual element in Hinduism, symbolising purity, peace, and enlightenment. Madhubani art typically includes lotus patterns in the background, surrounding the central imagery or figures of the painting.
Fish motifs are another common element in Madhubani art and signify the interconnection between humans and the natural world. Drawn with bold lines and detailed patterns, this symbol of prosperity and fertility adds a sense of balance to the artwork from India.
To explore traditional artwork from India, get in touch with our gallery Studio 3, Mumbai, at info@studio3india.com
Originating in the temples of Nathdwara, Rajasthan, Pichwai paintings are devotional, artistic depictions of Lord Krishna’s avatar Sritnathji, rendered on fabric scrolls. Simply translated to “that which hangs from the back” in Sanskrit, common imagery includes animals such as cows that symbolise divine grace and abundance. Peacocks, too, are a common motif and are decorated with garlands and ornaments to highlight their divine significance in Hinduism.
Lord Krishna is the central figure in Pichwai paintings and is shown in various settings against a lush backdrop of Vrindavan – playing the flute, holding court with devotees, or in a playful mood with Radha and Gopis, symbolic of the divine, eternal bond between the spirit and the Supreme Being. Another recurring motif is the lotus pond, representing Lord Krishna’s seat. With its unfurling petals, colours, and fine detailing, Pichwai paintings evoke a sense of devotion and peace.
Phad Paintings
Rajasthan’s traditional art form is known for its storytelling and bright colours. Phad paintings are displayed during festivals and are used as tools in rituals and ceremonies. Lord Shiva is the central deity, portrayed with his ever-seeing divine third eye and a crescent moon in his hair. Intricate details highlighting his cosmic strength are commonly included by Phad artists to honour Lord Shiva.
Horses are also commonly portrayed in these Indian traditional paintings to symbolise speed, agility, and strength. Majestic postures and delicate detailing on horses solidify their position as divine, heroic beings in the narrative.
The Kalash, or sacred pot, is another element that is commonly used to portray a sense of abundance and blessings. Usually shown overflowing with leaves, flowers, or holy water, the pot is decorated with bright colours and delicate patterns to signify rituals and celebrations.
Indigenous Gond Art
One of the most popular Indian tribal art styles, Gond art, originating in Madhya Pradesh is known for its intricate dot-work design and geometric patterns. Yellow, orange, red, blue, and green add liveliness and character to the art form.
Dots and lines in the art form represent cosmic bodies and the interconnectedness with human life. Geometric patterns signify the rhythm of life and the connection between the earth and the spiritual world. Lines represent rivers and forests, and are used to convey a sense of harmony in the universe through these Indian tribal paintings.
As with all indigenous communities, nature and wildlife represent a deep spiritual bond between the tribe and its surroundings. Elephants, tigers, and birds are common elements signifying the bond of nature with humans, while trees represent the cycle of life, growth, and environmental conservation.
Regardless of the style, symbolism in Indian art serves as a powerful tool to pass down culture and knowledge from generation to generation. These symbols also go beyond Indian paintings and give a glimpse into the festivals, culture, and way of life.
Keen to explore imagery in traditional Indian art? Check our collection of Gond and Pichwai art online. For a closer look, drop into our gallery Studio 3, Mumbai, if you’re visiting the city and want to spend an afternoon with the artwork in person. For more information, get in touch with us at info@studio3india.com
